{"id":3332,"date":"2016-01-15T12:00:38","date_gmt":"2016-01-15T17:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magazine.alumni.ncsu.edu\/?p=3332"},"modified":"2016-01-15T12:00:38","modified_gmt":"2016-01-15T17:00:38","slug":"the-right-stuff","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magazine.ncsu.edu\/2016\/the-right-stuff\/","title":{"rendered":"The Right Stuff"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

HOUSTON, Texas\u2014Along with students across the country, Christina Hammock Koch \u201901, \u201902 MS and her first-grade classmates at St. Francis of Assisi School in Jacksonville, N.C., were watching on television when the Space Shuttle Challenger blasted off from Cape Canaveral, Fla., on the morning of Jan. 28, 1986. They were taking a break from their studies to watch because Christa McAuliffe, selected to be the first teacher in space, was on board. But 73 seconds into liftoff, its smoky plume still marking its departure from Earth, Challenger exploded. All seven crew members were killed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like her classmates, Koch was shocked by what she had seen. For many of the students watching that day, it was their first exposure to the space program. Neil Armstrong\u2019s first step on the moon happened long before they were born, and they were too young to remember Sally Ride becoming the first American woman in space in 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch, one day before her seventh birthday, felt the sorrow that comes with such a tragedy. But even at her age, she had a sense of the promise that manned space flight offered. \u201cSeeing that our country was mourning something that was kind of big enough and important enough to do, but that was also dangerous and challenging, I think that probably caught my attention, even at that young age,\u201d Koch says. \u201cIf anything, it was, \u2018Let\u2019s get back to space.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some 30 years later, Koch is ready. She is one of NASA\u2019s newest astronauts, one of eight men and women chosen from more than 6,000 applicants in 2013 to make up the 21st class of astronauts. They have spent the past two years in training, mostly at the Johnson Space Center on the outskirts of Houston. They have survived in the wilderness, learned how to speak Russian, experienced zero gravity and figured out how to work while wearing a bulky spacesuit. They have flown supersonic jets, spent hours at a time working underwater on a massive mockup of the International Space Station and learned how to control the space station\u2019s robotic arm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"\"
Christina Hammock Koch \u201901, \u201902 MS, whose last named changed from Hammock to Koch when she got married last fall, with the other members of the 21st class of astronauts in a conference room, right, at the Johnson Space Center that celebrates the center\u2019s namesake and the space program. Photograph by Justin Calhoun.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Photograph courtesy of NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n

With their initial training completed, the four men and four women are now full-fledged astronauts. They are waiting to get their first mission into space, a process that can take years, and the more focused training that will precede that mission. For Koch, the most likely scenario is an extended stay on the International Space Station, a prospect that she faces with the same sort of excitement that she felt as a kid who built model space shuttles for school science fairs and cut pictures of space out of magazines to tape on her bedroom walls. \u201cThe space station,\u201d she says, \u201cwould be one of my dream assignments.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe space station would be one of my dream assignments.\u201d
\u2014 Christina Hammock Koch \u201901, \u201902 MS<\/p><\/div><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

It is a dream that has been years in the making.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch says she always wanted to be an astronaut, a role that would enable her to explore new frontiers. She grew up in a household where intellectual exploration was the norm. Her father was a physician and \u201carm-chair astronomer,\u201d while her mother was a middle school math teacher. There were plenty of magazines about space and science around the house, and dinner-time conversations with her parents and three younger siblings (all of whom would also go to NC State) were more likely to be about black holes than the ups and downs of the local sports teams. She would cut photos of Antarctica and other exotic locations out of National Geographic<\/em> and put them on the walls along-side her space pictures. \u201cAll of these places that were on the frontiers, places to be explored, just caught my interest from the time I was really young,\u201d Koch says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Stellar Student<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

With that dream in mind, Koch took on a challenging double major of electrical engineering and physics as a student at NC State. \u201cI didn\u2019t want to just make things and not understand the theory behind it,\u201d she says. \u201cAnd I didn\u2019t want to just have theory without being able to use my hands and create things.\u201d She had a perfect 4.0 GPA in both of her undergraduate majors (although she admits to getting a \u201cB\u201d in a graduate course). But her interests extended well beyond the classroom. Koch participated in a head-spinning list of extracurricular activities\u2014from providing housing maintenance in Hispanic communities with Engineers Without Borders to taking photographs for the Technician<\/em> and volunteering with Habitat for Humanity\u2014all while working part-time at places like Kmart and Blockbuster Video. She traveled to Ghana in 1999 to spend a semester studying abroad, only to find out when she got there that the university was no longer offering many of the courses she planned to take. She decided to spend her newfound free time tutoring local students.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI consider myself very driven, but not competitive, and I think there\u2019s a little bit of a difference. I consider myself more cooperative.\u201d
\u2014 Christina Hammock Koch \u201901, \u201902 MS<\/p><\/div><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMost people would have come on home,\u201d says Cecilia Townsend, the coordinator of undergraduate programs in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and one of Koch\u2019s advisers when she was an undergraduate student. \u201cBut she stayed and tutored other kids. I\u2019ve just never seen anyone who goes for it with such intensity.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch says she has always looked for ways to challenge herself, be it by taking up rock climbing or deciding to build her own Tesla coil, a transformer that produces electricity. \u201cI consider myself very driven, but not competitive, and I think there\u2019s a little bit of a difference,\u201d she says. \u201cI consider myself more cooperative. I really like to make sure that as many people who are around me, that we\u2019re all doing well.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI definitely like the idea of exploring, going somewhere new, and places where there are physical challenges along with the intellectual challenges.\u201d
\u2014 Christina Hammock Koch \u201901, \u201902 MS<\/p><\/div><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

After finishing her studies at NC State, Koch understood that her dream of becoming an astronaut was a long shot and that it didn\u2019t make sense to concentrate on building a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 that might someday impress NASA officials. Instead, she pursued jobs that would challenge her while also allowing her to explore the world. If it ended up leading to a job as an astronaut, that would be the icing on the cake. \u201cI definitely like the idea of exploring, going somewhere new, and places where there are physical challenges along with the intellectual challenges,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exploring the World<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

That approach led her to jobs related to space exploration, such as a stint as an electrical engineer at NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center\u2019s Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics in Greenbelt, Md. But it also led her to unrelated work in remote locations such as Antarctica and Greenland, where she ran the instruments for research being conducted there by various organizations. She once worked in minus 105 degrees at the South Pole (\u201cIf you have the right clothing, it\u2019s actually doable,\u201d she says) and has a photo of ice encrusting her eyelashes while she was working at a lab in Greenland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then, in 2011, NASA put out the word that it was accepting applications for the next class of astronauts, and Koch submitted her application. It took NASA months to cull the initial 6,000-plus applicants to 120, who were brought in for initial interviews and medical exams. Koch made the final cut to a list of 50, who had more interviews. NASA was not simply trying to find the best eight candidates, but a class that included people with a cross-section of experiences\u2014as pilots, physicians, scientists or engineers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"\"
Koch gives the OK sign, above, as she prepares to submerge in the large pool, right, in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory at the Johnson Space Center. Photograph courtesy of NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Photograph by Justin Calhoun.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen you get to that last interview, that last 50, we\u2019re looking for people that we think will get along well with each other, that just have the personality and experiences that makes you want to work with them on a daily basis,\u201d says Pat Forrester, a veteran astronaut who supervised the training of Koch\u2019s class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch was working as station chief for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u2019s climate observatory in American Samoa when she got the call. \u201cThe person on the other end of the line had to ask me if I was still there, because I was just silent,\u201d Koch says. \u201cI just thought, \u2018That\u2019s weird. She just said she wanted me to come to Houston and be an astronaut. But there\u2019s no way that\u2019s what she said.\u2019 \u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch joined three women and four men at the sprawling Johnson Space Center campus that summer. They all found homes in the Houston area\u2014Koch lives along the Gulf of Mexico in Galveston, Texas\u2014and arrive to work each day just like the thousands of engineers and other civil servants who work there. Unless they are preparing to fly or training in a spacesuit, the astronauts blend in with everyone else. (Koch carries with her a tattered backpack that she has had since her days at NC State.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As astronaut candidates, they still had two years of training ahead of them before they could call themselves full-fledged astronauts. But they would be a different sort of astronaut, working for a space agency that doesn\u2019t enjoy the high profile that it once did.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A New Kind of Astronaut<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The exploration of space by the United States has been on hold since the space shuttle\u2019s mission in 2011. Many Americans are unaware that astronauts are still at work (typically for six-month stints) on the International Space Station, which has been occupied since November 2000, or that Americans use the Russian space vehicle Soyuz to get there. And while astronauts were once primarily military pilots, men like John Glenn and Alan Shephard who were comfortable flying at high speeds, Koch had never flown a plane and had no military background. Today\u2019s astronaut needs to be more versatile. Pilots are still needed, but astronauts also have to be able to take care of themselves\u2014and their equipment\u2014during long stays in the International Space Station. \u201cThe designation between pilot and non-pilot are still present, but other than that we\u2019re really required to have all the skills,\u201d Koch says. \u201cWe have to be plug-and-play.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
A C-9 aircraft flies in parabolas to allow Koch and her fellow astronaut candidates to experience zero gravity in a series of 20-second bursts. Koch says it was fun, but that it also left her feeling \u201ca little bit woozy.\u201d Photograph courtesy of NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\"
Koch couldn\u2019t resist taking a selfie while flying in the back seat of a T-38 supersonic jet as part of her training in Pensacola, Fla. Photograph courtesy of NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Koch takes part in a wilderness expedition. Photograph courtesy of NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n

It was a challenging training regimen. \u201cIf they can turn me into a pilot\u2014well, not a pilot\u2014but if they can turn me into someone who\u2019s comfortable in a supersonic jet, then they know what they\u2019re doing,\u201d Koch says of the flight school in Pensacola, Fla., that she went through. The engineering that went into the jets fascinated her. \u201cShe really likes a lot of the instrument navigation systems we use,\u201d says Jessica Meir, an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School before she was selected as one of the candidates in Koch\u2019s class. \u201cShe likes getting down to the nitty gritty, learning tricks that some of the pilots don\u2019t even know.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there were the unexpected lessons, like learning not to wear jewelry while wearing their flight suits. That bit of information was passed on to Koch and Meir by the other two women in the class, both of whom are experienced pilots. \u201cWe went from being really successful to being the lowest rung on the totem pole,\u201d says Meir. \u201cYou have to have a lot of patience.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch was in her element during the wilderness training, leading hikes up difficult terrain as part of the National Outdoor Leadership School in Wyoming and helping others set up camp and start fires. \u201cShe knows what it\u2019s like to live with other people in stressful situations,\u201d says Lt. Col. Drew Morgan, an Army doctor who is a member of the new astronaut class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the most difficult challenges was getting used to the spacesuit, which is bulky and cumbersome and, surprisingly, not custom-made for each astronaut. In fact, the suits used today were made when most of the astronauts were males, so they are too large for the female astronauts. Koch and other female astronauts stuffed padding into the suit so they would not bounce around inside of it. They would then replicate space walks in zero gravity by spending six hours working underwater on the exterior of a mock-up of the space station in a massive pool. Divers move them from spot to spot, but the astronauts had to learn to use tools with their arms encased in tubes and large gloves. Koch says it\u2019s like squeezing a tennis ball for six consecutive hours. And then there are the unexpected difficulties\u2014like the inability to scratch an itch on your nose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s just physically hard to move,\u201d says Koch. \u201cEvery little motion you do is difficult.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coolest Job in the World<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

That doesn\u2019t mean that Koch and her classmates didn\u2019t enjoy their training. \u201cGoing to space is the coolest job in the world,\u201d says Morgan. \u201cTraining to go to space is the second coolest thing in the world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch agrees, and that excitement is evident one day when she and Meir are walking through what is known simply as Building 9. It is, in essence, a large hangar full of life-size space toys\u2014from a mock-up of part of the space station to a robotic astronaut known simply as Robonaut. As a tour group looks on from a walkway above, Koch and Meir are thrilled to be getting their first chance to sit inside a mock-up of a space capsule known as Orion, even if it is only to get some photos. The actual capsule is under development elsewhere, with plans that it will one day be the next NASA vehicle to take astronauts beyond Earth\u2019s orbit and possibly on to Mars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe\u2019ve been waiting for this our whole lives,\u201d Meir says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNo question about that,\u201d says Koch. \u201cSome things do just turn into your normal work day\u2014getting into a spacesuit, blah, blah, blah. In some ways, you do get used to it. But in other ways, you have moments when you realize how amazing it is. Day to day, we\u2019re still excited.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Koch with the other members of NASA’s 21st class of astronauts. Photograph courtesy of NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The eight astronaut candidates leaned on each other to get through the two years of initial training. They learned that they could count on Koch (who is known to her fellow astronauts by her call sign of \u201cNana,\u201d a reflection of her caring nature) to look after them\u2014by remembering a birthday, letting loose a timely one-liner during a tense situation or simply offering a helping hand to someone facing a difficult challenge. \u201cShe is very aware of how somebody may be feeling at any given time,\u201d Morgan says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s that approach that may ultimately be one of Koch\u2019s greatest assets as she awaits her first space mission, which could take years. In the meantime, Koch\u2019s responsibilities include providing ground support to the ongoing missions in the space station, giving the engineers at NASA input on items being developed to be used in the station.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Forrester, the astronaut who supervised the training of the most recent astronaut class, says Koch\u2019s experience working with research equipment in severe conditions such as the South Pole and Greenland, as well as her engineering background, make her well-suited for the roles that astronauts must fill on the space station. But he says her approach\u2014from her encouragement of others to her never-say-die attitude\u2014may be equally important. \u201cWe need somebody who can go up there and live well and work well and get along and enjoy it,\u2019\u2019 he says. \u201cShe\u2019s the perfect kind of person to do that.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch is ready, and has been for a long time. As a student at NC State, Koch wrote in a scholarship application that the future of the space program could not be brighter and that she was fascinated by the frontiers of space exploration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is the stars I\u2019m after,\u201d she wrote.<\/p>\n","protected":false,"raw":"\n\n\n\n\n

HOUSTON, Texas\u2014Along with students across the country, Christina Hammock Koch \u201901, \u201902 MS and her first-grade classmates at St. Francis of Assisi School in Jacksonville, N.C., were watching on television when the Space Shuttle Challenger blasted off from Cape Canaveral, Fla., on the morning of Jan. 28, 1986. They were taking a break from their studies to watch because Christa McAuliffe, selected to be the first teacher in space, was on board. But 73 seconds into liftoff, its smoky plume still marking its departure from Earth, Challenger exploded. All seven crew members were killed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like her classmates, Koch was shocked by what she had seen. For many of the students watching that day, it was their first exposure to the space program. Neil Armstrong\u2019s first step on the moon happened long before they were born, and they were too young to remember Sally Ride becoming the first American woman in space in 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch, one day before her seventh birthday, felt the sorrow that comes with such a tragedy. But even at her age, she had a sense of the promise that manned space flight offered. \u201cSeeing that our country was mourning something that was kind of big enough and important enough to do, but that was also dangerous and challenging, I think that probably caught my attention, even at that young age,\u201d Koch says. \u201cIf anything, it was, \u2018Let\u2019s get back to space.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some 30 years later, Koch is ready. She is one of NASA\u2019s newest astronauts, one of eight men and women chosen from more than 6,000 applicants in 2013 to make up the 21st class of astronauts. They have spent the past two years in training, mostly at the Johnson Space Center on the outskirts of Houston. They have survived in the wilderness, learned how to speak Russian, experienced zero gravity and figured out how to work while wearing a bulky spacesuit. They have flown supersonic jets, spent hours at a time working underwater on a massive mockup of the International Space Station and learned how to control the space station\u2019s robotic arm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"\"
Christina Hammock Koch \u201901, \u201902 MS, whose last named changed from Hammock to Koch when she got married last fall, with the other members of the 21st class of astronauts in a conference room, right, at the Johnson Space Center that celebrates the center\u2019s namesake and the space program. Photograph by Justin Calhoun.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Photograph courtesy of NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n

With their initial training completed, the four men and four women are now full-fledged astronauts. They are waiting to get their first mission into space, a process that can take years, and the more focused training that will precede that mission. For Koch, the most likely scenario is an extended stay on the International Space Station, a prospect that she faces with the same sort of excitement that she felt as a kid who built model space shuttles for school science fairs and cut pictures of space out of magazines to tape on her bedroom walls. \u201cThe space station,\u201d she says, \u201cwould be one of my dream assignments.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe space station would be one of my dream assignments.\u201d
\u2014 Christina Hammock Koch \u201901, \u201902 MS<\/p><\/div><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

It is a dream that has been years in the making.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch says she always wanted to be an astronaut, a role that would enable her to explore new frontiers. She grew up in a household where intellectual exploration was the norm. Her father was a physician and \u201carm-chair astronomer,\u201d while her mother was a middle school math teacher. There were plenty of magazines about space and science around the house, and dinner-time conversations with her parents and three younger siblings (all of whom would also go to NC State) were more likely to be about black holes than the ups and downs of the local sports teams. She would cut photos of Antarctica and other exotic locations out of National Geographic<\/em> and put them on the walls along-side her space pictures. \u201cAll of these places that were on the frontiers, places to be explored, just caught my interest from the time I was really young,\u201d Koch says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Stellar Student<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

With that dream in mind, Koch took on a challenging double major of electrical engineering and physics as a student at NC State. \u201cI didn\u2019t want to just make things and not understand the theory behind it,\u201d she says. \u201cAnd I didn\u2019t want to just have theory without being able to use my hands and create things.\u201d She had a perfect 4.0 GPA in both of her undergraduate majors (although she admits to getting a \u201cB\u201d in a graduate course). But her interests extended well beyond the classroom. Koch participated in a head-spinning list of extracurricular activities\u2014from providing housing maintenance in Hispanic communities with Engineers Without Borders to taking photographs for the Technician<\/em> and volunteering with Habitat for Humanity\u2014all while working part-time at places like Kmart and Blockbuster Video. She traveled to Ghana in 1999 to spend a semester studying abroad, only to find out when she got there that the university was no longer offering many of the courses she planned to take. She decided to spend her newfound free time tutoring local students.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI consider myself very driven, but not competitive, and I think there\u2019s a little bit of a difference. I consider myself more cooperative.\u201d
\u2014 Christina Hammock Koch \u201901, \u201902 MS<\/p><\/div><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMost people would have come on home,\u201d says Cecilia Townsend, the coordinator of undergraduate programs in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and one of Koch\u2019s advisers when she was an undergraduate student. \u201cBut she stayed and tutored other kids. I\u2019ve just never seen anyone who goes for it with such intensity.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch says she has always looked for ways to challenge herself, be it by taking up rock climbing or deciding to build her own Tesla coil, a transformer that produces electricity. \u201cI consider myself very driven, but not competitive, and I think there\u2019s a little bit of a difference,\u201d she says. \u201cI consider myself more cooperative. I really like to make sure that as many people who are around me, that we\u2019re all doing well.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI definitely like the idea of exploring, going somewhere new, and places where there are physical challenges along with the intellectual challenges.\u201d
\u2014 Christina Hammock Koch \u201901, \u201902 MS<\/p><\/div><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

After finishing her studies at NC State, Koch understood that her dream of becoming an astronaut was a long shot and that it didn\u2019t make sense to concentrate on building a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 that might someday impress NASA officials. Instead, she pursued jobs that would challenge her while also allowing her to explore the world. If it ended up leading to a job as an astronaut, that would be the icing on the cake. \u201cI definitely like the idea of exploring, going somewhere new, and places where there are physical challenges along with the intellectual challenges,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exploring the World<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

That approach led her to jobs related to space exploration, such as a stint as an electrical engineer at NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center\u2019s Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics in Greenbelt, Md. But it also led her to unrelated work in remote locations such as Antarctica and Greenland, where she ran the instruments for research being conducted there by various organizations. She once worked in minus 105 degrees at the South Pole (\u201cIf you have the right clothing, it\u2019s actually doable,\u201d she says) and has a photo of ice encrusting her eyelashes while she was working at a lab in Greenland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then, in 2011, NASA put out the word that it was accepting applications for the next class of astronauts, and Koch submitted her application. It took NASA months to cull the initial 6,000-plus applicants to 120, who were brought in for initial interviews and medical exams. Koch made the final cut to a list of 50, who had more interviews. NASA was not simply trying to find the best eight candidates, but a class that included people with a cross-section of experiences\u2014as pilots, physicians, scientists or engineers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"\"
Koch gives the OK sign, above, as she prepares to submerge in the large pool, right, in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory at the Johnson Space Center. Photograph courtesy of NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Photograph by Justin Calhoun.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen you get to that last interview, that last 50, we\u2019re looking for people that we think will get along well with each other, that just have the personality and experiences that makes you want to work with them on a daily basis,\u201d says Pat Forrester, a veteran astronaut who supervised the training of Koch\u2019s class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch was working as station chief for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u2019s climate observatory in American Samoa when she got the call. \u201cThe person on the other end of the line had to ask me if I was still there, because I was just silent,\u201d Koch says. \u201cI just thought, \u2018That\u2019s weird. She just said she wanted me to come to Houston and be an astronaut. But there\u2019s no way that\u2019s what she said.\u2019 \u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch joined three women and four men at the sprawling Johnson Space Center campus that summer. They all found homes in the Houston area\u2014Koch lives along the Gulf of Mexico in Galveston, Texas\u2014and arrive to work each day just like the thousands of engineers and other civil servants who work there. Unless they are preparing to fly or training in a spacesuit, the astronauts blend in with everyone else. (Koch carries with her a tattered backpack that she has had since her days at NC State.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As astronaut candidates, they still had two years of training ahead of them before they could call themselves full-fledged astronauts. But they would be a different sort of astronaut, working for a space agency that doesn\u2019t enjoy the high profile that it once did.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A New Kind of Astronaut<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The exploration of space by the United States has been on hold since the space shuttle\u2019s mission in 2011. Many Americans are unaware that astronauts are still at work (typically for six-month stints) on the International Space Station, which has been occupied since November 2000, or that Americans use the Russian space vehicle Soyuz to get there. And while astronauts were once primarily military pilots, men like John Glenn and Alan Shephard who were comfortable flying at high speeds, Koch had never flown a plane and had no military background. Today\u2019s astronaut needs to be more versatile. Pilots are still needed, but astronauts also have to be able to take care of themselves\u2014and their equipment\u2014during long stays in the International Space Station. \u201cThe designation between pilot and non-pilot are still present, but other than that we\u2019re really required to have all the skills,\u201d Koch says. \u201cWe have to be plug-and-play.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
A C-9 aircraft flies in parabolas to allow Koch and her fellow astronaut candidates to experience zero gravity in a series of 20-second bursts. Koch says it was fun, but that it also left her feeling \u201ca little bit woozy.\u201d Photograph courtesy of NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\"
Koch couldn\u2019t resist taking a selfie while flying in the back seat of a T-38 supersonic jet as part of her training in Pensacola, Fla. Photograph courtesy of NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Koch takes part in a wilderness expedition. Photograph courtesy of NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n

It was a challenging training regimen. \u201cIf they can turn me into a pilot\u2014well, not a pilot\u2014but if they can turn me into someone who\u2019s comfortable in a supersonic jet, then they know what they\u2019re doing,\u201d Koch says of the flight school in Pensacola, Fla., that she went through. The engineering that went into the jets fascinated her. \u201cShe really likes a lot of the instrument navigation systems we use,\u201d says Jessica Meir, an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School before she was selected as one of the candidates in Koch\u2019s class. \u201cShe likes getting down to the nitty gritty, learning tricks that some of the pilots don\u2019t even know.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there were the unexpected lessons, like learning not to wear jewelry while wearing their flight suits. That bit of information was passed on to Koch and Meir by the other two women in the class, both of whom are experienced pilots. \u201cWe went from being really successful to being the lowest rung on the totem pole,\u201d says Meir. \u201cYou have to have a lot of patience.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch was in her element during the wilderness training, leading hikes up difficult terrain as part of the National Outdoor Leadership School in Wyoming and helping others set up camp and start fires. \u201cShe knows what it\u2019s like to live with other people in stressful situations,\u201d says Lt. Col. Drew Morgan, an Army doctor who is a member of the new astronaut class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the most difficult challenges was getting used to the spacesuit, which is bulky and cumbersome and, surprisingly, not custom-made for each astronaut. In fact, the suits used today were made when most of the astronauts were males, so they are too large for the female astronauts. Koch and other female astronauts stuffed padding into the suit so they would not bounce around inside of it. They would then replicate space walks in zero gravity by spending six hours working underwater on the exterior of a mock-up of the space station in a massive pool. Divers move them from spot to spot, but the astronauts had to learn to use tools with their arms encased in tubes and large gloves. Koch says it\u2019s like squeezing a tennis ball for six consecutive hours. And then there are the unexpected difficulties\u2014like the inability to scratch an itch on your nose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s just physically hard to move,\u201d says Koch. \u201cEvery little motion you do is difficult.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coolest Job in the World<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

That doesn\u2019t mean that Koch and her classmates didn\u2019t enjoy their training. \u201cGoing to space is the coolest job in the world,\u201d says Morgan. \u201cTraining to go to space is the second coolest thing in the world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch agrees, and that excitement is evident one day when she and Meir are walking through what is known simply as Building 9. It is, in essence, a large hangar full of life-size space toys\u2014from a mock-up of part of the space station to a robotic astronaut known simply as Robonaut. As a tour group looks on from a walkway above, Koch and Meir are thrilled to be getting their first chance to sit inside a mock-up of a space capsule known as Orion, even if it is only to get some photos. The actual capsule is under development elsewhere, with plans that it will one day be the next NASA vehicle to take astronauts beyond Earth\u2019s orbit and possibly on to Mars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe\u2019ve been waiting for this our whole lives,\u201d Meir says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNo question about that,\u201d says Koch. \u201cSome things do just turn into your normal work day\u2014getting into a spacesuit, blah, blah, blah. In some ways, you do get used to it. But in other ways, you have moments when you realize how amazing it is. Day to day, we\u2019re still excited.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Koch with the other members of NASA's 21st class of astronauts. Photograph courtesy of NASA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The eight astronaut candidates leaned on each other to get through the two years of initial training. They learned that they could count on Koch (who is known to her fellow astronauts by her call sign of \u201cNana,\u201d a reflection of her caring nature) to look after them\u2014by remembering a birthday, letting loose a timely one-liner during a tense situation or simply offering a helping hand to someone facing a difficult challenge. \u201cShe is very aware of how somebody may be feeling at any given time,\u201d Morgan says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s that approach that may ultimately be one of Koch\u2019s greatest assets as she awaits her first space mission, which could take years. In the meantime, Koch\u2019s responsibilities include providing ground support to the ongoing missions in the space station, giving the engineers at NASA input on items being developed to be used in the station.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Forrester, the astronaut who supervised the training of the most recent astronaut class, says Koch\u2019s experience working with research equipment in severe conditions such as the South Pole and Greenland, as well as her engineering background, make her well-suited for the roles that astronauts must fill on the space station. But he says her approach\u2014from her encouragement of others to her never-say-die attitude\u2014may be equally important. \u201cWe need somebody who can go up there and live well and work well and get along and enjoy it,\u2019\u2019 he says. \u201cShe\u2019s the perfect kind of person to do that.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koch is ready, and has been for a long time. As a student at NC State, Koch wrote in a scholarship application that the future of the space program could not be brighter and that she was fascinated by the frontiers of space exploration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is the stars I\u2019m after,\u201d she wrote.<\/p>\n"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Christina Hammock Koch \u201901, \u201902 MS is ready for her next frontier\u2014OUTER SPACE.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":3353,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"views\/single-immersive.blade.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"source":"","ncst_custom_author":"","ncst_show_custom_author":false,"ncst_dynamicHeaderBlockName":"ncst\/default-immersive-post-header","ncst_dynamicHeaderData":"{\"showAuthor\":true,\"showDate\":true,\"showFeaturedVideo\":false,\"backgroundColor\":\"red_400\",\"subtitle\":\"Christina Hammock Koch \u201901, \u201902 MS is ready for her next frontier\u2014OUTER SPACE.\",\"displayCategoryID\":5,\"caption\":\"Photograph by Justin Calhoun.\"}","ncst_content_audit_freq":"","ncst_content_audit_date":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8,9],"tags":[219,249,250,272,276,341,372,409,481,498,546,591,614,670,844,856,857,931,1090,1130],"_ncst_magazine_issue":[],"class_list":["post-3332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-newswire","category-stories","tag-cecilia-townsend","tag-christa-mcauliffe","tag-christina-hammock-koch","tag-college-of-engineering","tag-college-of-sciences","tag-department-of-electrical-and-computer-engineering","tag-drew-morgan","tag-engineers-without-borders","tag-goddard-space-flight-center","tag-habitat-for-humanity","tag-international-space-station","tag-jessica-meir","tag-johnson-space-center","tag-laboratory-for-high-energy-astrophysics","tag-nasa","tag-national-oceanic-and-atmospheric-administration","tag-national-outdoor-leadership-school","tag-pat-forrester","tag-space-shuttle-challenger","tag-technician"],"displayCategory":{"term_id":5,"name":"Best Bets","slug":"best-bets","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":5,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":52,"filter":"raw"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/magazine.ncsu.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3332"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/magazine.ncsu.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/magazine.ncsu.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magazine.ncsu.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/39"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magazine.ncsu.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3332"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/magazine.ncsu.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3332\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magazine.ncsu.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/magazine.ncsu.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magazine.ncsu.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magazine.ncsu.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3332"},{"taxonomy":"_ncst_magazine_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magazine.ncsu.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_ncst_magazine_issue?post=3332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}